Inflation
Key takeaways – Inflation is a sustained, broad increase in the price level of goods and services that reduces the purchasing power of money.…
Inferior Good
Key takeaways – An inferior good is one whose demand falls as consumers’ real incomes rise and increases when incomes fall. (Income elasticity of…
Industry
An industry is a classification that groups companies that perform similar business activities or produce similar products. Classification systems assign companies to an industry…
Industrialization
• Industrialization is the structural shift from an agriculture-based economy to one dominated by manufacturing and mechanized mass production. (Investopedia) – Major historical waves:…
Industrial Revolution
Key takeaways – The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental shift from agrarian, handcraft economies to mechanized, factory-based production. It began in mid‑18th century Britain…
Industrial Banks (Industrial Loan Companies, ILCs)
Key takeaways – An industrial bank (also called an industrial loan company, ILC) is a state‑chartered depository institution that accepts deposits and makes consumer…
Indian rupee
• The Indian rupee (INR) is India’s official fiat currency, issued and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and denoted by the…
index
• An index is a numeric measure that tracks the performance of a group of assets (stocks, bonds or other data) intended to represent…
Index futures
• Index futures are standardized futures contracts whose underlying “asset” is a stock index (for example, the S&P 500, Nasdaq‑100, Dow Jones). – They…
index funds
Index funds are pooled investment vehicles—mutual funds or ETFs—that passively track a market index (for example, the S&P 500, Nasdaq Composite, or Bloomberg U.S.…