Notional Value

Key takeaways – Notional value (or notional amount) is the reference or “face” amount used to calculate payments, exposures, or the size of a…

notice of termination

A notice of termination is a formal, written communication that a party—most commonly an employer—sends to another party to announce the end of an…

note

Key takeaways – A note is a debt security obligating repayment of borrowed money, usually with interest, within a defined time frame. (Source: Investopedia)…

Notching

Introduction Notching is a credit‑rating practice used by rating agencies to assign different ratings to different obligations issued by the same company (or closely…

Normal Profit

Normal profit is an economic concept that accounts for both explicit costs (actual monetary outlays) and implicit costs (opportunity costs). A firm is said…

Nontariff Barrier

A nontariff barrier (NTB) is any government measure that restricts, limits, or complicates international trade without directly applying a tariff (an import tax). Instead…

nonrenewable resource

• Nonrenewable resources are Earth-derived materials (solid, liquid, or gas) that form over geological time and cannot be replenished on human timescales. Common examples…

Nonrefundable Tax Credit

A nonrefundable tax credit reduces the amount of federal income tax you owe, dollar for dollar, but only down to zero. If the credit…

Nonprofit Organization (NPO)

Key takeaways – A nonprofit (NPO) is organized to pursue a public or social benefit (charitable, educational, religious, scientific, literary, etc.) rather than to…

Nonbank Financial Companies (NBFCs)

Nonbank financial companies (NBFCs), also called nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs), are firms that provide many banking-type products and services but do not hold a…