30-Year Treasury
**Summary:** A 30-year Treasury is a long-term U.S. government bond that pays semiannual coupons and returns principal at 30 years. Historically a market bellwether,…
Clearing? Definition, How It Works, and Example
• Clearing is the back‑office process that confirms and prepares a financial trade or payment for final settlement. It includes verifying that the buyer…
Clayton Antitrust Act 1914: Anti-Monopoly Measures
• The Clayton Antitrust Act is a U.S. federal law passed in 1914 to curb business practices that reduce competition or create unfair market…
Clawback: Definition, Meaning, How It Works, and Example
• A clawback is a contract term that lets an employer, fund, or government reclaim money already paid out. It most often applies to…
Classical Economics: Origins, Key Theories, and Impact
Definition Classical economics is an 18th–19th century school of thought that explains how competitive market economies work and why they tend (in the long…
Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF): What It Is, How It Works, and Example
Why CIF matters – It allocates who pays for what and who bears risk at each stage of a sea shipment. – It changes…
2-1 Buydown Loan
**Summary:** A 2-1 buydown is a temporary mortgage subsidy that lowers the interest rate by 2 percentage points the first year and 1 point…
Churn Rate: What It Means, Examples, and Calculations
• Churn rate (also called customer attrition) measures how quickly customers stop buying from or subscribing to a business over a defined period. It’s…
Chinese Wall: Definition and Examples in Business and Finance
• Definition: An ethical wall (also called an information barrier) is an organizational control that prevents sensitive information from moving between people, teams, or…
130-30 Strategy: Definition, Mechanics and Practical Guide
**Summary:** The 130-30 strategy is a long/short equity approach that reallocates 30% of a portfolio into short positions and reinvests proceeds to achieve 130%…