poison pill
• A poison pill (shareholder rights plan) is a defensive tool a public company’s board can adopt to deter hostile or opportunistic takeover attempts.…
Pledged Asset
A pledged asset is property a borrower offers to a lender as collateral to secure a loan. Common pledged assets include cash, stocks, bonds…
Pip A Practical Guide for Forex Traders
Summary A pip (price interest point or percentage in point) is the standard unit used to measure the smallest whole movement in a currency…
Pink sheets
• “Pink sheets” is an older name for over‑the‑counter (OTC) securities that trade outside U.S. exchanges; today the operator is OTC Markets Group and…
Pigovian Taxes
Key takeaways – A Pigovian tax is levied on activities that create negative externalities—costs borne by others or society but not reflected in market…
Philanthropy
Key takeaways – Philanthropy is intentional action—often financial, but also time, skills, or convening power—aimed at improving human welfare and addressing social problems. –…
Phantom Stock Plans
Key takeaways – Phantom stock (aka shadow stock) is a deferred compensation plan that tracks a company’s stock value and pays employees the economic…
Petty Cash
Petty cash is a small, fixed amount of physical currency a business keeps on hand to pay minor, incidental expenses that would be impractical…
Petrodollars
• “Petrodollars” are simply U.S. dollars received as payment for exported crude oil, not a separate currency or a formal global system (Investopedia /…
PERT chart
A Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart is a visual project‑planning tool that maps the sequence of tasks required to complete a project, shows…