Hyperdeflation

Hyperdeflation is an unusually large and rapid fall in the general price level—i.e., a sharp rise in the purchasing power of money over a…

Japan Inc

Summary Japan Inc. is a shorthand for Japan’s postwar, highly coordinated model of economic development in which government bureaucrats, banks, and corporations worked closely…

Japan Credit Rating Agency Jcr

The Japan Credit Rating Agency (JCR) is a Tokyo‑based credit rating agency that assesses the creditworthiness of Japanese and foreign issuers and their debt…

Hydraulic Fracturing

Key Takeaways – Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a well-stimulation technique that injects high‑pressure fluids into rock formations to create and prop open fractures, improving…

January Effect

• The “January Effect” is the observed tendency for stock prices—especially small-cap stocks—to show higher average returns in January than in other months. –…

January Barometer

Key takeaways – The January Barometer is a simple market-timing heuristic: if the S&P 500 is up in January, the rest of the year…

Hybrid Security

A hybrid security is a financial instrument that combines characteristics of both debt (fixed-income) and equity (stock). Hybrids are designed to offer features such…

Hybrid Fund

A hybrid fund (also called an asset-allocation fund) is a pooled investment vehicle that intentionally holds more than one asset class—most commonly stocks and…

Hybrid Arm

A hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage (hybrid ARM or fixed-period ARM) combines a fixed-rate mortgage’s initial certainty with an adjustable-rate mortgage’s later variability. The loan begins…

Jackson Hole Economic Symposium

An annual central‑banking conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City since 1978 and held in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, since 1981. Each…