Private Placement

A private placement is the sale of securities (equity or debt) directly to a limited group of pre‑selected investors—typically accredited investors such as wealthy…

Private Investment Fund

A private investment fund (PIF) is an investment vehicle that raises capital from a limited group of sophisticated or wealthy investors and is not…

Private Finance Initiative Pfi

Key Takeaways – A Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is a form of public–private partnership (PPP) in which private firms finance, build, and often operate…

Private Company

A private company (also called a privately held company) is a business that is owned by individuals, families, private investors, or a small group…

Private Banking

Private banking refers to a set of personalized financial services and wealth-management products that retail banks and other financial institutions offer to high‑net‑worth individuals…

Private Sector

• The private sector comprises businesses and organizations owned and operated by individuals or non-government entities with the primary aim of generating revenue (and…

Private Good

A private good is a tangible item or service whose consumption by one person reduces the amount available for others (rivalrous) and from which…

Private Equity Real Estate

Private equity real estate (PERE) is an alternative asset class made up of professionally managed pooled investments that acquire, finance, manage and ultimately sell…

Principal Agent Problem

Key takeaways – The principal–agent problem arises when an agent (someone authorized to act) has incentives, information, or priorities that diverge from those of…

Prime Cost

• Prime cost = total direct costs of producing a product: direct raw materials + direct labor. – It helps set pricing, measure product-level…