Financial Leverage

Key takeaways – Financial leverage means using borrowed money (debt) to increase potential returns on an investment or business activity. – Leverage magnifies both…

Fast Fact

• Recourse gives a lender the legal right to pursue a borrower’s other assets (beyond the pledged collateral) if a loan goes unpaid. Non-recourse…

ETFs

• Inverse ETFs (aka “short” or “bear” ETFs) are funds designed to move opposite an index on a daily basis. They accomplish this by…

df has columns High, Low, Close

Overview The Williams percent range (Williams %R or %R) is a momentum oscillator that shows the current close relative to the highest high and…

Currency Pegging

Key Takeaways – Currency pegging (a fixed exchange-rate policy) ties a nation’s currency value to another currency or a basket of currencies to reduce…

Chinas One-Child Policy

Key takeaways – China’s one-child policy was a nationally standardized family‑planning program introduced in 1979 (implemented more uniformly in 1980) to curb rapid population…

CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)

Overview The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), often called the “fear index,” is a real‑time measure of the market’s expectation of 30‑day forward volatility for…

Bill Gross

• Bill Gross (born April 13, 1944) is a widely known fixed‑income investor who co‑founded Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO) and earned the nickname…

Z Score

A Z‑score (also called a standard score) measures how far a single observation lies from the mean of a dataset in units of standard…

Zoning Ordinance

Key takeaways – A zoning ordinance is a local law that divides a municipality into zones and specifies how land in each zone may…